Style Critique Grapes of Wrath essays

Style Critique Grapes of Wrath expositions To the red nation and part of the dim nation of Oklahoma, last rains came delicately, and they didn't cut the scarred earth... So begins The Grapes of Wrath, one of the most well known books of the twentieth century. Composed by John Steinbeck, it tells the story of a group of Oklahomans in transit to California, uprooted from their territory by the Great Depression. They find numerous difficulties along their excursion to The Promised Land, including a few instances of bias and different hardships. This book is wealthy in style, with numerous inferences and shrouded implications dispersed all through its somewhere in the range of 455 pages. The transcendent subject of this book is one of man versus the machine. The Oklahomans have been uprooted from their property by The Bank. At whatever point something turns out badly in this book, the bank is the person who did it. He got his requests from the bank. The bank let him know, Clear those individuals out or its your activity The bank is depicted as the unimaginably detestable power behind the land re-assets, when it truly isn't the banks issue by any stretch of the imagination. It is simply basic financial aspects. At the point when some help a business offers not, at this point gets valuable, at that point that administration is stopped. Same idea here. The land was done yielding acceptable produce (Oklahoma is directly in the center of the dustbowel), so the bank concluded it was not, at this point worth the push to have it tended to. Another substantial topic in this book spins around the a lot of partiality that is talked between the Okies and the occupants of Califor nia and other, all the more wealthy individuals. The transient laborers help each other a great deal, contributing and helping a family that is in increasingly critical need then their own. Regardless of how poor the Joad family got, outsiders were consistently welcome at their entryway (that is, their camp). Later in the book, at section 15, the Okies predicament is perceived by individuals at the little coffee shop, tryi... <!

Intro to Business Essay

Establishment Case Study Questions: 1) Discuss the advantages and downsides of opening an establishment. (6 denotes) The advantages of opening an establishment is that the franchisor would offer help, help and preparing; they would have a perceived name and items and; opening the establishment would be a decreased hazard to the franchisee. The downsides of opening an establishment is that there would be limitations on tasks as the franchisee would need to adhere to the franchisor’s rules and guidelines; must compensation establishment charges and the level of deals to the franchisor and; there would be lost administration control, costs, compensation or even advancement. 2) Evaluate the advantages and downsides of running this establishment with an accomplice instead of doing it all alone. The advantages/favorable circumstances of running this establishment with an accomplice would be; It would be genuinely simple to begin the organization with an understanding between two individuals; It would be simpler to raise more capital than a sole ownership; We would have more prominent aptitudes and mastery with two of us as accomplices and; adaptability to help and help one another. The downsides/detriments of running this establishment with an accomplice would be; there could be clashes or conflicts with an accomplice; we would be sharing the benefits and; there could be trouble in leaving or consummation the organization. 3) List 6 key qualities that you and your accomplice should show so as to be fruitful in this business visionary undertaking. The key attributes that my accomplice and I would need to show to be effective in our business visionary undertaking would be, to be: Ambitious, dedicated, self-assured, lively, enthusiastic, inventive, energetic, decided and daring individuals. 4) List 6 partners and examine how they are affected by your business. 1.Employees †my business would make occupations Clients †my business would be a comfort of another establishment accessible Suppliers †my business would give providers more business Government †my business would make good on charges (business and worker, and so forth) to help the economy Local Community †to make a superior neighborhood economy of having a business Environment †to be naturally mindful by utilizing lessen, reuse and reuse Establishment Case Study 1: Intro to Business 5) Using your insight into request and flexibly hypothesis. Draw a business opportunity for Dominos Pizza with request (BLUE Line) and gracefully (RED Line) balance accepting the normal value client pays for a Domino’s pizza is $9 and sells a normal 500 units per week. (2 imprints) Dominos Pizza †Supply and Demand in One (1) Week UNITS The pizza advertise is exceptionally serious and contenders costs effect and request. On your outline, attract the move request that will result from new low cost $5 hot and prepared pizza offer by its rival Little Caesar’s. Talk about the effect on Domino’s (as far as its cost and benefits) . (2 imprints) Due to the low cost of the opposition (Little Caesars) implies Dominos pizza’s Demand Curve will DECREASE (GREEN Line) which implies the benefits will diminish alongside the interest for Domino’s more extravagant pizza. 6) As a nearby establishment, utilizing your insight into the limited time blend, depict 4 strategies/procedures from the special blend that you could use to advance your neighborhood store. Make certain to clarify how it will build deals. (4 imprints) 1. Individual Selling †to utilize a sales rep to help clients in making a buy 2. Promoting †utilizing various media channels to assemble familiarity with the item 3. Advertising †to make a decent picture of the organization and item through exposure and sponsorship 4. Deals Promotion †to animate deals through coupons, limits, challenges and exceptional offers 7) Make 2 proposals to Domino’s Pizza Corporate on how the showcasing blend could be changed so as to address client issues and keep on developing the organization. (4 denotes) The Marketing Mix is a mix of item offering, estimating, limited time techniques and circulation framework that brings a particular gathering of buyers unrivaled worth. My two suggestions to Dominos Pizza Corporate would concern the ‘Product’ to make littler individual measured pizzas and my subsequent proposal would concern ‘Pricing’ to have an uncommon early on low cost to draw in clients, to the new close to home estimated pizza. My suggestions would meet the more ‘healthy = littler estimated portions’ of food to the solid disapproved of client †and this would help with the development of the organization.

Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder

Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Treatment Print Psychotherapy for Treating Panic Disorder By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on September 17, 2019 BSIP/UIG/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Psychological interventions are often used for the treatment of panic disorder. Some common interventions that are thought to be beneficial in reducing ?panic attacks and agoraphobic symptoms include: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on the importance of both behavioral and thought processes in understanding and controlling anxiety and panic attacks. The focus of treatment is on inadequate, obstructive, and damaging behaviors and irrational thought processes that contribute to the continuation of symptoms. For example, uncontrolled worrying (thoughts) about what may or may not happen if you have a panic attack may lead to avoiding certain situations (behavior). CBT has been scientifically studied for the treatment of panic disorder. Research has suggested that this form of treatment is effective in alleviating many of the symptoms of panic and anxiety. If using CBT techniques, expect to work on changing thoughts and behaviors for quick results in increased ability to control your symptoms.   Cognitive Behavior Modification Donald Meichenbaum, Ph.D., is a psychologist noted for his contributions to cognitive behavioral therapy. He developed cognitive behavior modification (CBM), which focuses on identifying dysfunctional self-talk in order to change unwanted behaviors. Meichenbaum views behaviors as outcomes of our own self-verbalizations. Panic disorder, agoraphobia or other anxiety disorders often result in certain thought patterns and behaviors that may hinder recovery. But, if you change your thoughts, how you react to anxiety-provoking situations will likely change too. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a cognitive behavioral technique developed by Albert Ellis, Ph.D. REBT is known to be effective for the treatment a variety of anxiety disorders. The cognitive and behavioral techniques used in REBT have demonstrated effectiveness in treating panic disorder. Considered the grandfather of CBT, Ellis developed his technique to teach his patients to detect and dispute “irrational beliefs” or negative thoughts that he believed were causing their psychological problems. Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Therapy (PFPP) Panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy is a form of treatment for panic disorder based on certain psychoanalytic concepts. In general, these concepts assume that people are defined by early human experiences and that unconscious motives and psychological conflicts are at the core of current behavior. The unconscious mind, or subconscious, is a hiding place for painful emotions. Defense mechanisms keep these painful emotions hidden, but if these painful emotions can be brought in to the conscious mind, they can be dealt with and the symptoms of panic disorder and associated behaviors can be eliminated or reduced. Group Therapy According to the American Psychiatric Association, the benefits of group therapy may include: Decreasing shame and stigma by providing experiences with others who have similar symptoms and difficulties;Providing opportunities for modeling, inspiration, and reinforcement by other group members; andProviding a naturally-occurring exposure environment for patients who fear having panic symptoms in social situations. Couples and Family Therapy The symptoms of panic disorder can affect relationships among family members or significant others. Family therapy to address the dependency needs of the panic sufferer, support issues, communication, and education may be beneficial as an adjunct treatment. It is not recommended that family therapy be the sole therapeutic intervention for those with panic disorder. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Humes and Anscombes View on Causation - 1227 Words

In this paper I discuss both Hume’s and Anscombe’s view on causation. I begin with Hume and his regularity theory; then I move onto Anscombe where I provide a rebuttal of Hume’s regularity theory, and later I explain how Hume would respond to Anscombe’s objection to Hume’s regularity theory. Hume’s notion of causation is his regularity theory. Hume explains his regularity theory in two ways: (1) â€Å"we may define a cause to be an object, followed by another, and where all the objects similar to the first are followed by objects similar to the second† (2) â€Å"if the first object had not been, the second never had existed.† Hume defines causation in terms of natural necessity and explains natural necessity as follows: of two events, if event A†¦show more content†¦In this case Hume would argue that it is because it was event A’ and not event A, because if it were event A then event B would have happened, but b ecause event B’ happened then it must be that it was event A’. On the other hand, Anscombe disagrees with Hume, and believes that we can, and do observe causation. Anscombe uses examples of crushing, chewing, pushing, and such to illustrate that we do perceive causation. For example, if person A holds a sheet of paper in their hand, and then begins to crush the sheet of paper, and then later we see the sheet of paper crumbled; Anscombe argues that this is enough evidence to show that we do perceive causation, because we can see the causing of the sheet of paper to crumble. Another example is of person A cutting a sheet of paper; Anscombe would argue that it is evident that we observe the causing of the sheet of paper be divided. In addition, Ansombe add that we can perceive causation by tracing an effect to its cause. For example, of the cutting of a sheet of paper by person A, one can traced the effect (sheet of paper cut in half) to its cause (person A cutting the sh eet of paper). Therefore, Anscombe claims that we do perceive causation. Anscombe believes that this evidence is sufficient to prove that we not only perceive â€Å"contiguity† and â€Å"succession† of events, but the cause of events. From Hume’s regularity theory,

The Importance of Research in a Social Work Framework

The importance of research in a social work framework Social work, often considered a relatively modern profession, has developed through advances in knowledge, social reforms, democratic ideas and increasing body of research and literature (Doel, 2012). The Social work profession is lead by theories from social sciences, indigenous and humanities knowledge, which comes with a respect for human rights and diversity and is often thought of as a moral endeavour (Chenweth McAuliffe, 2012). It will be shown that research plays an important role in social work and should be used to guide programs and practices, ethical situations and political change. Rubin and Babbie (2011) discussed the importance of research-generated facts to guide practice and social reform efforts, claiming its importance in establishing the contribution research can make to further knowledge and practice. However it is seen that social workers may often underestimate the importance research contributions can make in social work practice (Rubin Babbie, 2011). Rosen, Proctor and Staudt (1999) established that for research to be critically effective, a joint collaboration between researchers and practitioners in establishing the effectiveness of interventions, such a collaboration will support social workers to establish unique research goals that focus on social work priorities. This report will demonstrate that exploration, evaluation and validation of intervention effectiveness is a key contributorShow MoreRelatedWhat is the social ecological model? How can this perspective be used in practice to deepen understanding of the lives of children, young people and families in poverty and promote wellbeing?1381 Words   |  6 Pagesis the social ecological model? How can this perspective be used in practice to deepen understanding of the lives of children, young people and families in poverty and promote wellbeing? In social care services, models and theories are constructed in order to promote knowledge and understanding of particular areas. With a clear understanding established it enables practitioners to analyse, debate and practice in the most effective way. The particular model focus for this essay is the social ecologicalRead MoreThe Aim Of Social Studies1058 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ The aim of Social Studies is the promotion of civic competence the knowledge, intellectual processes, and democratic dispositions required of students to be active and engaged participants in public life. Proverbs 19:2 (ESV) states, Desire without knowledge is not good, and whoever makes haste with his feet misses his way.For example it is essential for there to be commonalities across the grade levels so that there is a scaffolding of concepts to build from one grade level to the next. †¢ ByRead MoreCriteria List For Curriculum Decision1063 Words   |  5 PagesCriteria List For Curriculum Decision †¢ The aim of Social Studies is the promotion of civic competence the knowledge, intellectual processes, and democratic dispositions required of students to be active and engaged participants in public life. Proverbs 19:2 (ESV) states, Desire without knowledge is not good, and whoever makes haste with his feet misses his way.For example it is essential for there to be commonalities across the grade levels so that there is a scaffolding of concepts to build fromRead MoreThe Priorities Of The United States Public Policy Making Process949 Words   |  4 PagesThe top priorities in the United States’ public policy making process continue to be protection from terrorism, a stronger economy, and the creation of more jobs (Pew Research Center, 2015). However, with a growing concern for public health and safety due to environmental issues, perhaps our policy makers should address the issues we face daily while living in our communities. The environmental issues extend beyond un healthy, and risky conditions due to waste management and unsustainable lifestylesRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory And The Theory Of Control, Job Satisfaction, And Performance900 Words   |  4 Pagesits applications to research starts with defining theory. This paper will discuss the importance, the definition, the types of theory, comparison/contrast views of theory, and research contributions to theory as it relates to furloughed contractors work locus of control (WLOC), job satisfaction, and performance. This paper will also address a theory that adds to the related research topic and analyze two areas of controversial questions related to the chosen theory. Importance of theory to WLOCRead MoreCritique Of A Research Article1750 Words   |  7 PagesCritique of a research article This paper is a critique of Alison Fuller and Lorna Unwin’s research article ‘Knowledge Workers’ as the New Apprentices: The Influence of Organisational Autonomy, Goals and Values on the Nurturing of Expertise’ Vocations and Learning’. Professor Alison Fuller, formerly of the University of Southampton, has been Chair in Vocational Education and Work at the Institute Of Education (IOE) since September 2013 while Lorna Unwin is Chair in Vocational Education at the IOERead MoreEssay on Knowledge Management Research1053 Words   |  5 Pagesfindings of this research cleared conceptualization of KM activities and a guide to using social capital to support those activities within organisations. This study made significant contributions across multiple areas of knowledge management research. 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Reflecting back to the time of Florence Nightingale who is the pioneer in modern nursing and nursing theory up to the corner of 21st centuryRead MoreThe Importance Of Diversifying Police Agencies And Selection773 Words   |  4 PagesStudy The objective of this thesis is to provide comprehensive information to all stakeholders who have an interest in enhancing minority recruitment and selection. The goal of this thesis is to address law enforcement professionals about the importance of diversifying police agencies; more importantly, is to address the underrepresentation of Asian-American police officers and the challenges of recruiting potential candidates from Asian communities. Through community policing, mediation, trustRead MoreThe Aggressive Behavior Of Male Students851 Words   |  4 Pagesspearheaded academic discourse on bullying. Olweus approached bullying as a theoretical tool to understand the aggressive behaviour of male students. The research the pioneered Olweus’ model of school bullying focused on understanding individual behaviour in light of aggressive personality. Research informed by this early model of school bullying works on the premise that bullying is an expression of individual aggressi on (Hawley Williford, 2014). The behaviour manifests in response to dispositional

The Development of the Western Frontier between 1866 and 1890 Free Essays

The Trans-Mississipi west comprises the region that spans from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains (Client file, n. pag. ). We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of the Western Frontier between 1866 and 1890 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is estimated to be 1,000 miles long from east to west and is about 1,500 miles from north to south (Client file, n. pag. ). The Trans-Mississippi west (also known as the Great Plains, the Western Frontier or the prairie) was inhabited by more than 300,000 Native Americans, collectively referred to as the Plains Indians (Client file, n. pag. ). Prior to the Civil War, the Western Frontier was largely unpopulated by pioneers (although it was under the control of the United States government through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803) (Client file, n. pag. ). Some wagon trains did pass through the area en route to Oregon or California, but these were able to do so unmolested (in sharp contrast to Hollywood films) (Client file, n. pag. ). In return, the payment of tributes in the form of clothing, jewelry, metal utensils or other items desired by the tribes was required (Client file, n. ag. ). However, the Homestead Act of 1862 (passed during the Civil War) encouraged emigration to the Western Frontier (Client file, n. pag. ). Under the act, settlers can avail of a 160-acre parcel of land for a small filing fee worth $10 (Client file, n. pag. ). In addition, they can obtain the full title to the land within five years if they were able to make significant improvements on it (planting crops, building houses, raising livestock, etc. ) (Client file, n. pag. ). As a result, homesteaders, miners and ranchers trespassed on Indian lands and threatened the Plains Indians’ hunting and way of life (Client file, n. pag. ). This left the Plains Indians with no other choice but to use armed resistance (Client file, n. pag. ). The hostilities between the Plains Indians and the US Cavalry (called on by the settlers to crush Indian opposition and to confine tribes in government-controlled reservations) that ensued were eventually called the Western Indian Wars (1866-1890) (Client file, n. ag. ). Despite the attractive terms of the Homestead Act of 1862, around 60% of emigrants gave up on their homesteads before the end of the five-year period (Client file, n. pag. ). Reasons for doing so included lack of water supply, Indian attacks, harsh winters, soil that was unfit for planting and sometimes-deadly conflicts with ranchers, who saw homesteads as a hindrance to cattle grazing (Client file, n. pag. ). On the other hand, those who remained endure d extreme hardships just to survive. They worked very hard under sub-zero winters and summers that often reached more than a hundred degrees Fahrenheit (Client file, n. pag. ). Unable to afford houses made of wood, they lived in houses built of sod and dirt (Client file, n. pag. ). They also experienced infestations of locusts, which would eat their crops, as well as the drapes of their houses and their clothing (Client file, n. pag. ). Adding to their list of burdends were natural disasters such as storms and tornadoes (Client file, n. pag. ). The homesteaders’ privations were so great that History professor Frederick Jackson Turner hypothesized in his thesis in 1890 that â€Å"much of America’s free and democratic spirit was forged by the existence of an open frontier to the west† (Client file, n. pag. ). Another important advancement in the Western Frontier was the Transcontinental Railroad. The absence of a railway system in the region isolated Oregon and California (already states) from the rest of the US – they stood alone at the edge of the country and were accessible only by wagon train, ship or boat (Client file, n. ag. ). President Abraham Lincoln and the US Congress backed a railroad act which authorized the presence of a railroad across the continent, but it was not implemented until the end of the Civil War (Client file, n. pag. ). The construction of the railroad started in 1864 – the Union Pacific was built westward from Omaha, Nebraska, while the Central Pacific was erected eastward from Sacramento, California (Client file, n. pag. ). Even if only 40 miles of track were laid by 1865, the pace of the assembly increased at the end of war (Client file, n. ag. ). Majority of the workers that were recruited for the building of the railroad were from minority groups such as blacks, Mexicans, Asians and Irish (Client file, n. pag. ). Despite delays in construction (storms, harsh winters, occasional Indian attacks, migration of large buffalo herds, etc. ), the Transcontinental Railroad was finally completed at Promontory Point, Utah on May 10, 1869 (Client file, n. pag. ). The Transcontinental Railroad boosted commerce in the Western Frontier, particularly the cattle industry (Client file, n. pag. ). Even though the cattle industry was already a major part of the western economy, the lack of transportation hindered its expansion into the eastern part of the US (Client file, n. pag. ). Hence, the development of railroads in the Western Frontier (along with entrepreneurs such as Joseph McCoy, who promoted beef as tasty and healthy) increased the demand for beef in the east (Client file, n. pag. ). Cowboys would drive large herds of cows from Texas and New Mexico to â€Å"railheads† – towns on or near the rail line, such as Dodge City, Abilene, Wichita and Colorado Springs (Client file, n. ag. ). Once in the â€Å"railheads,† the cattle would be kept in large pens or yards, where they would be fattened for market in the east (Client file, n. pag. ). During this time, a cowboy was paid usually around $25-$30 per month (Client file, n. pag. ). â€Å"Railheads† (also known as â€Å"railhead towns† or â€Å"cow towns†) became prosperous not only because of the cattle industry, but also because of saloons or â€Å"dance halls,† where cowboys spent their money on liqour, gambling and women (Client file, n. pag. ). It is likewise the saloon that gave â€Å"railheads† their reputation for lawlessness (Client file, n. pag. ). But it must be noted that this image was largely seen only in Hollywood films (Client file, n. pag. ). For one, most â€Å"railheads† were strict when it comes to gun control (Client file, n. pag. ). Gun control laws in â€Å"railheads† were enforced by tough sheriffs or marshalls with shotgun-toting deputies – one gun control law that they strictly implemented was that cowboys should surrender their guns to them while they were in town (Client file, n. pag. ). In addition, the saloon area in a â€Å"railhead† was usually located in the opposite direction of the â€Å"respectable† side of the town to minimize the possibility of untoward incidents (Client file, n. pag. ). Lastly, contrary to Hollywood films, cowboys were not hardened criminals but â€Å"just regular and adventurous young men letting off steam after several months of hard work† (Client file, n. pag. ). Most gunfights â€Å"were spontaenous events in a saloon or in the street between angry or drunken men who had not been relieved of their guns† (Client file, n. pag. ). They usually fought over â€Å"poker-related disputes, a woman, a perceived insult or some ongoing enmity between long-time adversaries† (Client file, n. pag. ). In most â€Å"railheads,† the murder rate was â€Å"acutally lower than the murder rate of many large American cities in the latter half of the twentieth century† (Client file, n. pag. ). Furthermore, extensive research has proven that in the period between 1870-1900, only five gun duels occurred in the entire Western Frontier (Client file, n. pag. ). It is true that emigration led to the development of the Trans-Mississipi west. However, it must be kept in mind that this progress did not come without a price – the Western Indian Wars killed around 1,000 US Cavalry soldiers and led to the death and enslavement of millions of Plains Indians (McConnell, n. pag. ). It would be fair to say that the circumstances surrounding the expansion of the Trans-Mississipi west became one of the precursors for future instances of US political, economic and military aggression abroad. The strategy remains the same – plunder the country (or in this case, region) as much as you can, fill the people’s minds with deceiving propaganda and chop off a few thousand heads when necessary. How to cite The Development of the Western Frontier between 1866 and 1890, Papers

Ways of influencing change in organizations

Introduction Change is a factor that cannot be avoided within an organization in the current business environment. According to Gerritsen (83), business units are faced with numerous factors that demand changes in various operational strategies in order to remain competitive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ways of influencing change in organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the oil industry, the competition has gotten so stiff that managements of various oil firms are forced to develop new ways of managing this competition. A number of factors, top of which is technology, bring about the dynamics in the business environment. Firms cannot afford to ignore these factors if they intend to remain competitive in the market. They must find a way of bringing change within their organization in a manner that would yield desired outcome. Before introducing change, it is important to understand some factors tha t can be used to motivate this change within an organization. Some of them are always external factors, while others are internal factors. By determining these factors, the management will be able to determine how they can be introduced within an organization to influence change in a positive way. Another important issue during the scan would be to determine the possible outcome of change within an organization. If this is done successfully, the firm can then consider introducing change after determining all the related outcomes, and the best ways of encouraging positive continuous change (McMurran 32). This research paper will seek to determine ways of influencing change in organizations and determining what that might mean for a business. Factors involved in motivating individuals to change and how this work in an organizational setting The main challenge in implementing change within an organization is the possible resistance that may come from the stakeholders. This means that m anagement should find a way of motivating stakeholders to embrace change within an organization. It is important to understand some of the important factors that may motivate individuals to change. The factors can be influenced internally or externally. Internal factors that might encourage organizational change Internal factors are issues within an organization that may motivate change. These issues can be managed internally within the organization. Some of the internal issues that may motivate change include a need to replace an equipment within the firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When new equipment is purchased, the employees may realize a need to change the approach of operations, especially if the new equipment comes with new features that was not found in the current equipment (Auer 67). Another internal factor that may motivate change is a possible increase in o perations. If the oil company expands rapidly, it will be forced to increase its operations and the number of employees, and this may yield the need to restructure its operations to reflect this expansion. Similarly, if an organization is trimming down its operations as a way of improving its efficiency, there will be a need to introduce some changes to reflect on the new operational design. A shift in operational approach within a firm may also encourage change within the firm (Creasey 23). For instance, if the oil firm decides to digitize all its operations to improve speed and accountability, especially in the accounts department, there will be a need among those in this sector to change in order to be able to meet the demands of their tasks. External factors that might encourage organizations to change Change is mainly motivated by external environmental factors. Changes in the external environment would force a firm to embrace change internally as a way of keeping in line with the current trends. As Jones (110) observes, a firm cannot afford to ignore changes taking place in the external environment if it expects to remain competitive in the market. It must find a way of changing with these external changes in order to match best practice in the market. In order to shade more light into this, it is important to conduct environmental scanning framework based on external factors that might encourage organisation to change using Future Wheels framework. Future Wheels Diagram for External Factors that Motivate Change Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ways of influencing change in organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above future wheels diagram shows some of the possible external factors that may motivate organizational change. As demonstrated in the above Future Wheels diagram, one of the external factors that may motivate organizational change is government laws. Government always comes with laws and regulations that are meant to streamline operations of various sectors of the economy. The oil sectors is one that is always controlled very closely by the government, either because of the pollution threat they pose, or the cost that may affect other sectors of the economy (Cameron 71). This oil firm is bound by law to change its operational strategies based on the changes that may be imposed by the government through regulatory measures. One of the possible outcome of this factor may be changed drilling methods in line with the new measures put by the government to reduce pollution. Another outcome may be a changed transport system to reflect the changing regulation. The firm may be forced to change from using oil tankers to the use of pipelines to transport its products (Anderson 56). Another outcome from this factor may be reduced cost of the product in order to motivate other sectors that depend on the energy from this sector. In all these cases, the management, and the entire fraternity of the firm, must change with these new developments in order to help the firm run as per the changed laws and regulations. The second factor that may motivate change within an organization is economic changes. Economic changes always bring with it far reaching consequences to business units. A firm must be able to determine how to change in order to operate optimally within the current external forces (Miller 67). In this regard, the management would determine if the economic forces would be favorable or unfavorable to this firm. Depending on the economic changes experienced in the environment, the outcome of this may be a reduction or increase of prices of the products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competitors play an important role in defining activities of a firm within a given market. It is one of the strongest motivators of change within an organization. According to Paton (88), a firm cannot ignore activities of the competitors and dismiss them as inconsequential or irrelevant to its operational strategies. This assumption can be suicidal because any change that gives competitors a competitive edge over this firm is a serious threat that may force it out of the market. The outcome of competitor’s activities may be a series of changed marketing strategies that would help the firm acquire a similar or even better advantage in the market. Sometimes the firm may even need to change its supply strategy in line with changes done by the competitors in order to find the best way of acquiring cheapest supplies. The fourth factor as identified in the diagram above is technology. As Reiß (62) observes, technology plays an important role in influencing changes within an org anization. Firms cannot ignore changes that are brought by the emerging technologies. It is important for the firm to find the best ways that it can change with the changing technologies in order to achieve the best results in their operations. Technology may bring such changes as changed drilling approaches, change in transportation, change in refining of oil, or a changed marketing strategy. Any of these changes must be treated as vital in enabling the firm to be efficient and successful in its operations. Impacts of Change Change brings various impact to an organization. The above change drivers would bring different impact to the organization in different ways. Some of the changes may be positive some may be negative, while others may be neutral. Depending on the way this organization will handle these impacts, it can experience success or complete failure in the market. The cross impact matrix below identifies some of the positive, negative, and neutral impacts of change. Simpl e Cross-Matrix Impact Laws Regulations Technology Economic Forces Competitors Variable 1 Freedom of pricing + Improved production strategy + Boom in the economy + Reduced number of competitors Variable 2 – Demand for change in transport A general change in drilling in the industry – Recession that slows sales – Increased number of competitors Variable 3 – A total ban on product + Competitive advantage due to new production strategy Normal growth of the economy + Total collapse of arch-rivals in the market Variable 4 + Government incentives – Constant change of production equipment – Economic stagnation Normal number of competitors + Strong Positive + Positive Neutral – Negative – Strong Negative The above cross-matrix impact shows some of the impacts of change within an organization. Some of the impacts can be positive, some neutral, while others may be negative. Positive impacts c an further be classified as strong or weak positive impact, and the same implies to the negative impacts. The matrix and the Future Wheel diagram helps in answering the main research question in the study, which was stating as below. How do we influence change in organizations and what might that mean for the business? This question has two parts. In answering the first part on how to influence change in an organization, the answer has been provided in the discussion above. Change can be influenced by external or internal factors. When focusing on external factors, change can be influenced by policies of the government, economic changes, technology, or activities of the competitors. These factors would automatically dictate what a firm should do to be in line with the forces. The management only needs to make all the stakeholders of the firm understand the needs of these forces, and device ways of accomplishing them. 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